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Any gene can influence disease because
gene activity of cells is broadly interwoven. Some of the heritability of diseases is due to tiny contributions from some peripheral genes that function outside disease pathways.
Every gene in the genome influences everything about us, it may be little but they are part of the gene.
The researchers call their provocative new understanding of disease genes an “omnigenic model” to show that almost any gene can influence diseases.
In any cell, there might be 50 to 100 core genes with direct effects on a given trait, as well as easily another 10,000 peripheral genes that are expressed in the same cell with indirect effects on that trait.
But because those thousands of genes outnumber the core genes by orders of magnitude, most of the genetic variation related to diseases and other traits comes from the thousands of peripheral genes.
The genes whose impact on disease is most indirect and small end up being responsible for most of the inheritance patterns of the diseases.