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Enhanced natriuretic peptide NP signaling in adipose tissue protects against obesity and insulin resistance. Boosting levels of NPs in adipose tissue may reduce the risk of metabolic disease. NPs control blood pressure and can promote the conversion of energy-storing ‘bad’ white fat into energy-burning ‘good’ brown fat.
Atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides NPs are hormones that were originally discovered to modulate salt and water to control blood pressure. These peptides transmit their signals through natriuretic peptide receptor NPRC. Natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPRC) removes NPs from circulation.
Researchers studied mice with NPRC receptors selectively knocked out in either adipose or skeletal muscle tissue. While deleting NPRC in muscle provided no protection from a high-fat diet, eliminating the receptor in adipose tissue improved insulin sensitivity, prevented obesity and increased sugar uptake in metabolism-boosting brown fat.
The adipose knockout mice showed higher energy expenditure and less inflammation. In mice without NRPCs in adipose tissue the liver was completely clean and completely devoid of stored lipids, which leads to their improved overall metabolic performance.
Slim people tend to have higher NP concentrations in their blood while NP clearance tends to rise in fat tissue, removing these peptides from the blood and making it more difficult for effective NP signaling to occur. Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease and other conditions. Exploring NPs as therapeutic targets can prevents obesity.
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