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Nerve cells in the gut play a crucial role in the body’s ability to produce an immune response to infection. The immune system and nervous system worked together to respond to infectious threats.
The immune system and neuronal system don’t act independently,
The lining of the gut house many immune system cells, which serve as a defense against parasites and other infections.
It is also loaded with nerve cells, immune system cells in the gut, called group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), are intertwined with nerve cells called cholinergic neurons.
The ILC2 cells have a receptor for a protein called neuromedin U (NMU), which acts as a messenger for the nerve cells. Exposing ILC2 cells to NMU causes the ILC2 cells to multiply rapidly and secrete chemicals called cytokines that may help trigger an immune response or cause inflammation.
Administering NMU to mice infected with a gut parasite triggered inflammation and a powerful
immune response that expel the parasites quickly.
This shows that the NMU-producing nerve cells help the ILC2 cells, enabling them to rapidly and effectively respond to infection. The findings may improve fighting and provision of therapies for inflammatory diseases like asthma, food allergies and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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