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SIDT2 protein is an important factor for cells to detect viral components in their environment, and create an immune response to reduce or stop the spread of the virus.
During a viral infection, ribonucleic acid RNA a genetic material similar to DNA is released into the environment around the infected cells. SIDT2 allowed viral RNA to be shuttled between compartments within cells, allowing it to reach the proteins that trigger anti-viral immunity.
The RNA is in a ‘double-stranded’ form, called ‘dsRNA’, that is not normally found in human body. Human cells have evolved ways to detect double stranded ribonucleic acid dsRNA as a warning sign of an active viral infection and, in this way, dsRNA acts as an important trigger for cells to produce an anti-viral immune response.
Cells constantly protect their environment by swallowing small samples of their environment into compartments known as endosomes. SIDT2 was the crucial missing link needed to transport dsRNA out of endosomes, and enable activation of immune response.
Viruses have many strategies to prevent an infected cell from activating the immune system to their presence.
SIDT2 is critical for uninfected cells to detect viral RNA in their environment, this means uninfected cells can trigger protective immunity before they even encounter the virus.
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