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Healthy nonsmokers experienced increased adrenaline levels in their heart after taking one electronic cigarette with nicotine but there were no increased adrenaline levels when the study subjects used a nicotine-free or empty e-cigarette.
Unlike cigarettes, e-cigarette have no combustion or tobacco. Instead, these electronic, handheld devices deliver nicotine with flavoring and other chemicals in a vapor instead of smoke.
E-cigarettes produce fewer carcinogens than tar of tobacco cigarette smoke, they also produce nicotine.
E-cigarette users have elevated sympathetic nerve activity which increases adrenaline directed to the heart and are more susceptible to oxidative stress. Researchers used heart rate variability obtained from a prolonged, non-invasive heart rhythm recording. Heart rate variability is calculated from the degree of variability in the time between heartbeats.
This variability may be indicative of the amount of adrenaline on the heart.
heart rate variability test to link increased adrenaline activity in the heart with increased cardiac risk. People with known heart disease and people without known heart disease who have this pattern of high adrenaline levels in the heart have increased risk of death.
In the first study to separate the nicotine from the non-nicotine components when looking at the heart impact of e-cigarettes on humans, researchers studied healthy adults who were not smoking. Researchers measured cardiac adrenaline activity by assessing heart rate variability and oxidative stress in blood samples by measuring the enzyme plasma paraoxonase PON1.
They discovered that exposure to e-cigarettes with nicotine, but not e-cigarettes without nicotine, led to increased adrenaline levels to the heart, as indicated by abnormal heart rate variability. Acute electronic cigarette use with nicotine increases cardiac adrenaline levels. And it’s in the same pattern that is associated with increased cardiac risk in patients who have known cardiac disease and even in patients without known cardiac disease.
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