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Concentrated sugars such as high-fructose corn syrup, a sugar found in sweetened beverages and many other processed foods have negative effects on liver. According to the latest research, mice on a fatty diet who were given high levels of fructose in their diet suffered worse metabolic effects than those given similar calories of glucose.
Researchers experimented in a mouse model used to study obesity, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and other metabolic illnesses. These animals were given either regular or high-fat diets, and drank either plain water or water sweetened with fructose or glucose.
Comparing these diets, gave more precise role of fructose against glucose in the diet, and how bad is it when it is added to a normal diet against a diet high in fat. After two months, none of the animals on a regular diet developed insulin resistance.
Among animals on a high-fat diet, there is significant differences between those drinking fructose and glucose. Fatty liver disease does not progress to dangerous levels of liver inflammation,
Mice on the high-fat diet become much more obese and more insulin-resistant compared to their peers on the glucose diet. And while both groups of animals added fat to their livers, the fat composition was different.
The researchers also discovered that production of an enzyme called ketohexokinase KHk, required for the first step of fructose metabolism, was increased in the livers of mice who drank fructose. When the scientists examined liver samples from obese human with fatty liver disease, they also found higher levels of Khk. The Khk enzyme is important in fructose, but not glucose, metabolism. Fructose and glucose are sugars, cells handle them differently.
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