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According to a new study in PLOS Pathogens, different changes to the microbial community of the stomach may be the reason why conditions are associated with different risk levels and types of gastric tumor. Autoimmune disease or infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria can damage the stomach and reduce gastric acid secretion.
Despite their similar effects, each of these conditions is associated with higher risk of a different type of gastric tumor. Meanwhile, widely used medications known as proton pump inhibitors PPIs also reduce gastric acid secretion, but they do not increase cancer risk. Elderly people tend to have different gut bacteria profiles from younger people.
This new research suggests that this change in balance is linked to inflammaging, which is related to most late-onset diseases and disorders. Inflammaging is a catch-all term for the tendency of elderly people to have generalized inflammation. It is thought to be related to evolved changes that the immune system undergoes as a person gets older.
It isn’t clear whether aging causes inflammation or inflammation causes aging, but the two go hand-in-hand, and susceptibility to many diseases goes along with both of them. Researchers took samples from older mice – whose gut bacteria composition, like humans’, changes with age – and introduced them to the bodies of younger mice. After the procedure, the younger mice developed chronic inflammation, like the inflammaging that would normally have struck them later in life.
They also transplanted gut bacteria from one group of younger mice to another group of mice of around the same ages to see if the immune response was just to the introduction of foreign bacteria. The mice with transplanted gut bacteria from older ones developed inflammaging.
The differences in the responses suggested to the researchers that aging leads to an imbalance in gut bacteria, such that there are more ‘bad’ bacteria than good in the microbiome. The proliferation of the bad bacteria leaves the gut lining more permeable to toxins that can contaminate the bloodstream and lead to disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, anxiety, autism and cancer.
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