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When the Ebola virus enters the human cell, its only purpose is to copy itself, fast. First it must copy all its proteins, then its genetic material. But by inhibiting a specific enzyme we rob the Ebola virus of its ability to copy itself. And that may potentially prevent an Ebola infection from spreading.
When Ebola virus ravaged West Africa, where thousands of people died from the extremely infectious Ebola infection. Once you are infected, all you can do is hope that your own immune system is able to kill the infection, because there is no treatment for Ebola presently.
However, the researchers behind the new study have found what is called a new host factor for Ebola virus. It can be described as a small part of the host’s-for example the human body’s-own cells, which the Ebola virus uses to copy itself and produce more infection. The virus uses the host factor enzyme PP2A-B56 to start producing proteins. So if the researchers switch off PP2A-B56, the virus’ ability to copy itself and produce more infection is never ‘switched on.
When we inhibit the PP2A-B56 enzyme, we remove the first link in a long process, which ends with Ebola spreading. The Ebola infection in cell cultures where we have inhibited the PP2A-B56 enzyme is 10 times smaller after 24 hours compared to infections where we have not inhibited this enzyme. But because the researchers have so far focused on cell cultures, there is still work to be done before their results can be used to treat people infected with Ebola.
Initially the researchers hope to be able to test it on animals and, in the long term, develop a drug that inhibits the relevant enzyme.The potential of the new discovery may turn out to work on other viruses too, because the structure of Ebola virus is very similar to the other filoviruses.
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