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Scientists have grown egg cells, which were removed from ovary tissue at their earliest stage of development, to the point at which they are ready to be fertilised. The advance could safeguard the fertility of girls with cancer ahead of potentially harmful medical treatment, such as chemotherapy. Immature eggs recovered from patients’ ovarian tissue could be matured in the lab and stored for later fertilisation.
Conventionally, cancer patients can have a piece of ovary removed before treatment, but reimplanting this tissue can risk reintroducing cancer. The study has also given insight into how human eggs develop at various stages, which could aid research into other infertility treatments and regenerative medicine. Scientists and medical experts worked together to develop suitable substances in which eggs could be grown – known as culture mediums – to support each stage of cell development. Their findings, using tissue donated by women who were undergoing routine surgery, build on 30 years of research.
In previous studies, scientists had developed mouse eggs to produce live offspring, and had matured human eggs from a relatively late stage of development. The latest study is the first time a human egg has been developed in the lab from its earliest stage to full maturity. Step one: very small, immature human eggs within ovarian tissue are placed in culture in the lab, and begin to develop Step two: after initial development, eggs have grown and are more than double their initial size.
The ovarian follicles that contain the eggs are separated before further growth and monitoring Step three: eggs and their surrounding cells are removed from liquid culture to undergo further development in a nutrient-rich membrane. Step four: well-developed, mature eggs are ready for fertilisation. Being able to fully develop human eggs in the lab could widen the scope of available fertility treatments.
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