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Chemotherapy resistance occurs when cancer cells stop responding to a therapy, some cancerous cells that are not killed by the chemotherapy change and become resistant to chemotherapy drug. They may be more resistant cells than cells that are sensitive to chemotherapy treatment after multiplication. A cancer cell may produce hundreds of copies of a particular gene, which may triggers an overproduction of protein that renders the anticancer drug ineffective.
Cancer cells may pump the drug out of the cell as fast as it is going in using a molecule called p-glycoprotein, cancer cells may stop taking in the drugs because the protein that transports the drug across the cell wall stops working. The cancerous cells may repair the DNA breaks caused by anti-cancer drugs or development of mechanism that inactivates the drug.
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses anti-cancer drugs -chemotherapeutic agents to kill cancer cells. New research from Rockefeller’s Jue Chen sheds light on the process by which the cells spit molecules out. Scientists used electron cryomicroscopy, an imaging technique that involves freezing molecules in a thin layer of ice, to detail the molecular structure of a pump known as MRP1.
They showed how the pump grabs on to its cargo from inside of the cell, and the new images focus on the cargo’s release to the outside of the cell. Small rearrangements in MRP1 facilitate the release process, thay also studied another pump known as Pgp, which is found in the blood-brain-barrier and gastrointestinal tract, it can recognize a surprising number of compounds to drive toxins out of cells but has a proclivity to also eject chemotherapy drugs.
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