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Scientists have discovered how human immunodeficiency virus HIV evades the immune system and avoids elimination. The new research shows that HIV targets and disables a pathway involving a number of biological molecules that are key in blocking viral activity and clearing infection. HIV remains is a major global health problem, more than 40 million people are infected across the globe.
The use of anti-retroviral therapy prevents the progression of the disease to AIDS-it doesn’t cure HIV. During any viral infection human immune system produces a powerful molecule (Interferon), which ‘interferes’ with the infection and the replication of viruses.
Interferon activates an assembly line of molecules in our cells, through the Interferon signalling pathway which causes the body to make antivirals that clear the infection. HIV promotes the destruction of the anti-viral Interferon signalling pathway. It uses the machinery in human cells to reduce the production of many important anti-viral molecules. Without these anti-viral molecules, human immune system can’t kill viral infections.
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