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MicroRNAs are a class of small, single-stranded RNA molecules that play an important regulatory role in cell biology; they bind to target genes and decrease their function. MicroRNAs may act as oncogenes-a gene that contributes to cancer development or tumor suppressors. Researchers have shown that miR-27b, a novel microRNA, acts as a breast cancer oncogene. It is found in abundance in breast tumors.
Working with a line of human breast cancer cells, they demonstrated that it suppresses the production of a protein-PDHX. PDHX is involved in cell metabolism, which affects cell proliferation. Its absence allows the rapid creation of new cells, promoting tumor growth and cancer progression. Researchers discovered significant decrease in PDHX levels in breast cancer cells.
Suppression of miR-27b is a novel approach for breast cancer therapies, it enhances PDHX expression, which helps in suppressing tumor progression through fixing several metabolic cascades. Using microRNA mimics or anti-miRNAs can counteract and therapeutically reverse oncogene metabolism would signify a truly unique unprecedented approach to cancer treatment.
The potential clinical uses of miRNA include utilization in diagnostic testing and disease prevention and prognostic markers making miRNAs unique and attractive options in the effort to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.