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Alopecia totalis is a skin condition that causes hair loss. It isn’t the same as localized alopecia areata. Localized alopecia areata causes round patches of hair loss on the scalp, but alopecia totalis causes complete baldness of the scalp.
Alopecia totalis is also different from the most severe form of alopecia areata, known as alopecia universalis. This form of alopecia causes complete hair loss over the entire body. Alopecia is caused by immune system attacks on hair follicles, the attack triggers inflammation, which leads to hair loss.
Alopecia totalis is a total lack of scalp hair along with eczema, and was receiving weekly injections of the drug dupilumab (brand name Dupixent) to treat her eczema. After six weeks of treatment, fine hairs began to appear on her scalp, and by seven months of treatment she had significant hair regrowth.
The hair growth seems tied to the drug. According to the doctors, when the girl had to stop taking dupilumab for two months due to a change in her insurance coverage, her newly regrown hair started to fall out. But when she started the drug treatment again, the hair growth resumed.