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Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also called chronic kidney failure, describes the gradual loss of kidney function. Kidneys filter out waste products and excess fluids from the blood before they are excreted through urine. They also help maintain blood pressure.
However, their findings also showed that beer and even tea were also associated with greater odds of kidney disease.
Scientists did not explain exactly why beer, established to be harmful to health in large quantities, poses a risk to the kidneys. Sugar in the other drinks may lead to weight gain, high blood pressure and insulin resistance over time.
There are approximately 40,000 to 45,000 premature deaths each year in the UK due to chronic kidney disease, according to the NHS.
The Johns Hopkins University study examined survey data on drink consumption among 3,003 African-American men and women.
Figures show that African-American people are more likely to have kidney disease than Caucasians. The participants were 54 years old on average and didn’t have kidney disease.
But after following the participants for an average of eight years, six per cent of people (185) had developed kidney disease. Their likening for sweet drinks – sodas and fruit juices – were mainly to blame, after researchers accounted for factors that can contribute to kidney damage such as smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and a lack of exercise.
The researchers, led by Dr Casey Rebholz, decided to look deeper into the individual drinks. Taken on its own, soda was associated with a nine per cent higher risk of kidney disease.
Researchers identified four patterns of beverage consumption, with each pattern including three drinks in order of most drank to least drank. For example, one pattern was included citrus juice (consumed the most), other fruit juice (consumed second-most) and vegetable juice (the least amount).
Flavoured water was tied to a higher risk – after analysis, soda, sweetened fruit juices and water, in that order, was the pattern most associated with kidney disease. The team said in the report, published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, that these results were ‘surprising’.
It could be possible that participants wrote ‘water’ down on their questionnaires, when in fact, it was still a flavoured drink. ‘There are a number of different types of water which have a ‘health halo’, which are advertised as being healthy but have not been proven to have health benefits,’ the team said.
The researchers also didn’t take note of what brands people drank more, and knowing the sugar and calorie content would have given further insight into the risks.
‘These findings add to the body of literature on the adverse health effects of sugar-sweetened beverages and support recommendations to avoid their consumption,’
‘These factors then put stress on the kidney and can accelerate loss of kidney function over time.’