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Tooth cavities can occur when there is a buildup of plaque on the teeth. People can prevent cavities by practicing good oral hygiene. The mouth contains a large number of bacteria, some of which can be harmful. They form a thin, colorless layer over the top of the teeth. This is dental plaque.
Over time, it is possible for plaque to build up. For example, this may occur due to a person regularly consuming foods high in sugar and starch. Repeated exposure to the acid from plaques can damage tooth enamel. Enamel is the protective outer layer covering the teeth. Tooth decay depletes the minerals present in enamel.
While the enamel can repair some of this damage itself, the decay can eventually lead to tooth cavities. This occurs when permanent damage affects the enamel, causing holes to form on the surface of the tooth. This decay can occur in people of all ages but is particularly common in children.
Symptoms
The main symptom of a tooth cavity is the hole itself, the size of which can vary. It is possible for cavities to occur without any further symptoms. In cases where other symptoms occur, they may include:
white, gray, brown, or black spots on the teeth
toothache
tooth sensitivity
bad breath
Without treatment, bacteria can spread to softer tissues inside the tooth. This can speed up tooth decay and cause toothaches to worsen. This can also lead to infections.Once tooth cavities occur, the damage is permanent. Treatments for this damage can range from a filling to root canal treatment. The exact type of treatment will depend on the location and severity of the cavity.
However, tooth cavities are easily preventable. There are ways to prevent the buildup of plaque that causes tooth cavities.
Some prevention tips include:
using toothpastes and mouthwashes that contain fluoride
brushing the teeth twice per day, using a circular motion
gently brushing the gums
using interdental cleaners such as floss in the gap between teeth
avoiding foods and drinks high in sugar, such as fizzy drinks, particularly those without any nutritional value
limiting the intake of starchy foods
avoiding snacking between meals or just before bed
avoiding tobacco products
drinking alcohol in moderation
having regular checkups with a dentist
It is also possible to reverse tooth decay in the very early stages. Tooth enamel can repair minor damage itself by replacing lost minerals from saliva or fluoride. Fluoride is a mineral that can reverse the damage of tooth decay. A dentist may prescribe fluoride gel or other fluoride products for coating the teeth.
Fluoride treatments can strengthen enamel and protect teeth against damage from plaque. Along with possibly making dietary changes, using these fluoride treatments can help the teeth repair any minor damage from tooth decay.
As tooth cavities are more common in children, it is important for caregivers to check for early signs of tooth decay regularly. This includes looking for white, gray, brown, or black spots on the teeth. These are signs of mineral loss from tooth decay.Tooth cavities result from buildups of plaque that cause permanent damage to teeth. They may not cause any symptoms, so it is vital to see a dentist for regular checkups.
Without treatment, this damage can worsen. Treating cavities, such as using fillings, is possible. It is also possible to reverse minor tooth decay using a fluoride gel.