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People with diabetes are more likely to have a stroke than those without it. This article looks at the link between diabetes and stroke, risk factors, and ways of preventing a stroke. Neuronostatin could prevent hypoglycemia by getting the pancreas to raise blood sugar in two ways. One way is to make less insulin, which is a hormone that reduces blood sugar, and the other is to produce more glucagon, a hormone that increases blood sugar.
In the more recent investigation, the scientists showed that injecting rats with neuronostatin raised the animals’ blood sugar levels. They also found that low blood sugar causes human pancreatic tissue to release more neuronostatin and that treatment with glucagon triggers more neuronostatin release.
Neuronostatin could become becoming a target for drugs to prevent and treat hypoglycemia in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes arises because the body has problems making or using insulin, which is a hormone that helps cells to take in glucose, or blood sugar, and use it for energy.
Without effective treatment, diabetes results in high blood sugar, or hyperglycemia, which can lead to kidney failure, blindness, stroke, heart attack, and amputation of feet and lower legs. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. The vast majority of people with diabetes have type 2.
In type 1 diabetes, the body does not make enough insulin, and so people with this type need to take insulin every day to stop their blood sugar rising to dangerous levels. In type 2 diabetes, the cells of the body cannot use insulin effectively. The pancreas tries to make up for it by making even more insulin, but, eventually, this is not enough, and people need to take extra insulin to control their blood sugar.
People with diabetes who take too much insulin may experience low blood sugar that can leave them dizzy and sleepy. If their sugar levels continue to drop, there is a high risk that more severe symptoms will follow, including seizures and loss of consciousness. There is also a risk that episodes of hypoglycemia can develop into a vicious cycle of increasing severity, as the condition can reduce people’s ability to notice the symptoms and, consequently, the chance to intervene.
The researchers then showed that infusing male rats with neuronostatin for 30 minutes “substantially increased” their blood glucose levels. Also, treatment with neuronostatin slowed down the clearance of glucose and reduced the production of insulin in response to hyperglycemia. Further tests also revealed that pancreatic cells exposed to low glucose released neuronostatin, and that fasting blood glucose raised blood levels of neuronostatin in rats.