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King’s College London scientists found doses of the compound were safe when taken by healthy volunteers. Some patients experienced a ‘high’ similar to one endured by those who take the party drug, having hallucinations and euphoria during a six-hour ‘trip’. But no negative effects were reported, even though psilocybin can trigger psychotic episodes and feelings of nausea and dizziness.
Researchers are now planning a phase two trial of psilocybin, involving patients who have stubborn depression. The psilocybin they used was not extracted from ‘magic mushrooms’ – it was made in a laboratory.
Dr James Rucker, lead investigator of the first trial – considered the largest to date, said: ‘The results of the study are clinically reassuring. ‘He added they support the development of psilocybin for patients with treatment-resistant depression, or other mental health conditions.It is not the first time doctors have investigated illegal ‘party drugs’ as treatments for mental health conditions.
There has been a surge of interest in using MDMA and LSD for hard-to-treat issues. A medicinal nasal spray which contains a synthetic form of ketamine was approved for depression this year.As well as depression, studies are looking into the efficacy of the substances on PTSD, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and alcohol dependency.London-based start-up company Compass Pathways is at the forefront of testing psilocybin in patients with depression.
Compass made the synthetic form of psilocybin – branded COMP360. It was not extracted from mushrooms but is the same compound.It was not extracted from magic mushrooms, which drug charities such as FRANK warn can worsen mental health problems. Researchers divided 89 volunteers into two groups. One group received a placebo, the other got psilocybin at either a low (10mg) or high (25mg) dose.
The participants were given the drug once and then monitored for six hours by a therapist and sutdy psychiatrist, while receiving psychological support from an assisting therapist. Those taking the drug, particular at a higher dose, had psychedelic experiences, which also included positive mood alteration and a sense of self-reflection.
No serious adverse events were reported and no negative effects on cognitive or emotional functioning. Dr Rucker told The Financial Times: ‘The act of taking the drug is like spring-cleaning your house. ‘You take everything out of the cupboards. Then a friend comes round, sorts out your possessions and helps you put everything back in better order. ‘ The findings were presented on at the annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology in Orlando.
Some 216 patients in Europe and North America with treatment-resistant depression will be enrolled in second phase of the trial. Results are expected in 2021. Small past studies of psilocybin have suggested that it helps to alleviate depressive symptoms, Ekaterina Malievskaia, Compass co-founder said.’We have early signals of efficacy from small uncontrolled studies,’ she said.
‘Now we are putting our heads down to explore the signals through rigorous science.’Larger placebo-controlled trials are needed to convince regulators that the drug is safe and effective, which could take years. Depression is fairly common, affecting about one in 10 people at some point during their life, according to the NHS.
Around one in three cases of depression do not respond well to the dozens of existing treatments. Psychoactive drugs, such as magic mushrooms, were popularised for recreational use by individuals such as the psychologist and writer Timothy Leary, who urged people to ‘turn on, tune in, drop out’. Governments began to make such substances illegal in the mid-1960s because of the potential for misuse.