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Researchers develop blood test for anxiety

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Researchers develop blood test for anxiety
Discovery, prioritization, and validation of biomarkers for anxiety. A Cohorts used in study, depicting flow of discovery, prioritization, validation of biomarkers from each step and independent testing cohorts. B Discovery cohort longitudinal within-subject analysis. Phchp### is study ID for each subject. V# denotes visit number. Red are high anxiety visits and blue are low anxiety visits. C Convergent Functional Genomics evidence. D In the validation step biomarkers are assessed for stepwise change from the validation group with severe Anxiety, to the discovery groups of subjects with high Anxiety, low Anxiety, to the validation group with severe Anxiety, using ANOVA. N = number of testing visits. The histograms depict a top increased and a top decreased biomarker in validation. E Scoring at each of the steps. Discovery probesets are identified based on their score for tracking anxiety with a maximum of 6 points (33% (2 pt), 50% (4 pt) and 80% (6 pt)). Prioritization with CFG for prior evidence of involvement in anxiety disorders. In the prioritization step probesets are converted to their associated genes using Affymetrix annotation and GeneCards. Genes are prioritized and scored using CFG for anxiety evidence, with a maximum of 12 points. Genes scoring at least 6 points out of a maximum possible of 18 total internal and external scores points are carried to the validation step. Validation in an independent cohort of psychiatric patients with clinically severe anxiety (STAI State ≥ 55 and SAS-4 > =60). Four biomarkers were nominally significant, and 57 biomarkers were stepwise changed. We selected for further testing in independent cohorts the top candidate biomarkers, with a total score after the first 3 steps (CFE3) of 8 and above (n = 95 biomarkers). Credit: Molecular Psychiatry (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01998-0
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Researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine have successfully developed a blood test for anxiety. The test examines biomarkers that can help them objectively determine someone’s risk for developing anxiety, the severity of their current anxiety and which therapies would likely treat their anxiety the best.

Now that the test has been validated by researchers, it is currently being developed for wider use by physicians by MindX Sciences.

“Many people are suffering from anxiety, which can be very disabling and interfere with daily life,” said professor of psychiatry Alexander Niculescu, MD, Ph.D.. “The current approach is to talk to people about how they feel to see if they could be on medications, but some medications can be addictive and create more problems. We wanted to see if our approach to identify blood biomarkers could help us match people to existing medications that will work better and could be a non-addictive choice.”

Niculescu’s past research has led to the development of blood tests for pain, depression/bipolar disorder and post traumatic stress disorder. This latest work, published in Molecular Psychiatry, uses similar methods for anxiety. The study included three independent cohorts—discovery, validation and testing. Participants would complete a blood test every 3-6 months or whenever a new psychiatric hospitalization occurred. By examining the RNA biomarkers in the blood, researchers could identify a patient’s current state of anxiety and matches them with medications and nutraceuticals, showing how effective different options could be for them based on their biology.

“In addition to medications, there are other methods to treat anxiety, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or lifestyle changes,” Niculescu said. “But having something objective like this where we can know what someone’s current state is as well as their future risk and what treatment options match their profile is very powerful in helping people.”

A person’s biomarkers can also change over time. Niculescu said the test can help evaluate a person’s risk of developing higher levels of anxiety in the future as well as how other factors might impact their anxiety, like hormonal changes.

“There are people who have anxiety and it is not properly diagnosed, then they have panic attacks, but think they’re having a heart attack and up in the ER with all sorts of physical symptoms,” Niculescu said. “If we can know that earlier, then we can hopefully avoid this pain and suffering and treat them earlier with something that matches their profile.”

Niculescu said this new test could also be used in combination with the other blood tests his research has led to, providing a more comprehensive view of a patient’s mental health and risk of future mental health concerns. Researchers can also use the test to develop new treatments for anxiety that are more targeted to individual biomarkers.

“This is something that could be a panel test as part of a patient’s regular wellness visits to evaluate their mental health over time and prevent any future distress,” Niculescu said. “Prevention is better in the long run, so our goal is to be able to provide a comprehensive report for patients and their physicians using simply one tube of blood.”

Indiana University School of Medicine