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New research from the Center for BrainHealth at The University of Texas at Dallas shows that certain cognitive training exercises can reduce depression and improve brain health in those who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The recent study, published in Human Brain Mapping, revealed significant reductions in the severity of depressive symptoms, increased ability to regulate emotions, increases in cortical thickness and recovery from abnormal neural network connectivity after cognitive training.
The findings suggest that cognitive training can reduce depressive symptoms in patients with
traumatic brain injury even when the training does not directly target psychiatric symptoms,
A past study involving the same protocol showed cognitive gains as well as similar changes in cortical thickness and neural network connectivity.
This study included people with chronic TBI who were at least six months post-injury. These people were randomly assigned into one of two groups: strategy-based training, which used the Strategic Memory Advanced Reasoning Training (SMART) program developed at the center; and information-based training, which used the Brain Health Workshop program.
Researchers used the Beck Depressive Inventory to classify 53 of the participants as depressed. The participants’ depressive- symptom severity, psychological functioning scores and data from magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were collected before training, after training and three months post-training. Scans were used to study changes in brain structure and neural network connectivity.
Both training programs consisted of 12 one-and-a half-hour sessions over eight weeks that included quizzes, homework assignments, and projects conducted in small group settings that involved social interactions. Participants in the depressed group showed significantly reduced depressive symptoms that were associated with improvements in cognitive and daily life functioning.
According to Han, the social engagements, cognitive stimulation from new learning opportunities and hope of improvement afforded by both programs may explain the reductions in depressive symptoms. Based on the observed brain change patterns, improved emotion regulation may be related to the reduced depressive symptoms.
The reductions in depression symptom severity correlated with increased cortical thickness within the prefrontal cortex-an area of the brain responsible for executive functions needed for emotional control and reductions in abnormally elevated neural connectivity within the region.
Identifying what changes are happening in the brain when interventions successfully reduce depressive symptoms could allow creation of effective, pharmaceutical-free approaches to alleviate depression in people who experienced chronic traumatic brain injury symptoms.
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