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Defects in the brain’s hippocampus, knoen as dentate gyrus, is regulated by the nuclear receptor LXRβ (Liver X receptor Beta). The dentate gyrus, is responsible for emotion and memory and is known to be involved in autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
According to researchers, early changes in DG neurogenesis provide an aberrant template upon which to build the circuitry that is involved in normal social function. Defects in the neurogenesis of the DG seem to be involved in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders and their associated behaviors.
There are classes of proteins within cells that control hormones and regulate metabolism. One of these proteins, LXRβ, may cause autism. Removing LXRβ led to autistic behavior and reduced cognitive flexibility, removing LXRβ causes hypoplasia or underdevelopment in the DG and autistic-like behaviors and abnormal social interaction and repetitive behavior.
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